General Format
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname, Year, page number)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher.
Example
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Franks, 2005, p. 148)
References:
Franks, A. (2005). Margaret Sanger's eugenic legacy: The control of female fertility. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company.
General Format
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname, Year, page number)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle [Version]. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx OR Retrieved from URL of the home page of the e-book provider.
Example
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Ochs, 2004, p. 55)
References:
Ochs, S. (2004). A history of nerve functions: From animal spirits to molecular mechanisms [ebrary Reader version]. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com/corp
General Format
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname, Year, page number)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Journal Title, Volume(issue), page range.
doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx OR Retrieved from URL of journal home page [if available].
Example
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Pettigrew, 2009, p. 61)
References:
Pettigrew, T. F. (2009). Secondary transfer effect of contact: Do intergroup contact effects spread to noncontacted outgroups? Social Psychology, 40(2), 55-65. doi:10.1027/1864-9335.40.2.55
Tips:
If a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is listed on either a print or an electronic source it is included in the reference (pp.188-192). A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string that is used to identify a certain source (typically journal articles). It is often found on the first page of an article.
Example:
doi:10.1080/14622200410001676305
For more information on DOIs and locating a DOI on a source, check out pages 188-192 of the APA Manual and/or this helpful DOI flow chart from the official APA site.
Please note that these examples refer to articles retrieved from a database as opposed to the free Internet. For examples of citing articles on the Internet, click on the Internet resources tab above. Also, please note that the information presented under this tab concerns the electronic retrieval aspects of formulating a citation. For guidance on correctly citing bibliographic information (such as author names, publication dates, journal titles, etc), please see the print articles tab above.Scholarly Journal Article:
With DOI:
Morio, H., & Buchholz, C. (2008). How anonymous are you online? Examining online social behaviors from
a cross-cultural perspective. AI & Society, 23(2), 297-307. doi:10.1007/s00146-007-0143-0
Without DOI:
Jacobsen, W.C. & Forste, R. (2011). The Wired Generation: Academic and Social Outcomes of Electronic
Media Use Among University Students. CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 14(5).
Retrieved from Academic Search Premier.
Based upon the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition, sections 6.31 and 7.01, and the APA Style Guide to Electronic References, page 3.
General Format
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname, Year, page number)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title: Subtitle. Newspaper Title, page range. Retrieved from URL [if viewed online]
Example
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Severson & Martin, 2009)
References:
Severson, K., & Martin, A. (2009, March 3). It's organic, but does that mean it's safer? The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.co
General Format
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname OR Screen name, Year)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. OR Author screen name. (Year, Month Day {of video post}). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from URL of specific video
Example
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Norton, 2006)
References:
Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQX
General Format
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname, Year, page number)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. (Year). Title of chapter. In Editor First Initial, Surname, Editor First Initial, Surname, & Editor First Initial, Surname (Eds.),Book title: Subtitle (Page range). Place of Publication: Publisher.
Example
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Stewart, 2007, p. 102)
References:
Stewart, B. (2007). Wag of the tail: Reflecting on pet ownership. In J.Jaimeson, T. Bannerman, & S. Wong (Eds.), Enriching our lives with animals(pp. 97-105). Toronto, ON: Petlove Press.
APA Citation Style does not have a separate category for government publications. According to APA, government documents can be considered Books, Technical/Research Reports or Brochures.
General Format
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname OR Name of Government Organization, Year, page number)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. OR Government Name. Name of Government Agency. (Year). Title: Subtitle (Report No. xxx [if available]). Place of Publication: Publisher.
Examples
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Edwards, Sims-Jones, Hotz, & Cushman, 1997, p. 2)
References:
Edwards, N., Sims-Jones, N., Hotz, S., & Cushman, R. (1997). Development and testing components of a multifaceted intervention program to reduce the incidence of smoking relapse during pregnancy and post-partum of both women and their partners. Report prepared for Health Canada at the Community Health Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Canada.
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Ontario Ministry of Health, 1994, p. 7)
References:
Ontario Ministry of Health. (1994). Selected findings from the mental health supplement of the Ontario Health Survey. Toronto, ON: Queen's Printer for Ontario.
Tips:
General Format
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname, Year, page number)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title: Subtitle. Magazine Title, Volume(issue), page range. Retrieved from URL of magazine home page [if viewed online].
Example
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Henry & Mehta, 1990, p. 30)
References:
Henry, W. A., & Mehta, N. S. (1990, April 9). Beyond the melting pot. Time, 135, 28-31.
Tips:
General Format
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname, Year, page or paragraph number [if available])
References:
Personal or Corporate Author. (Last update or copyright date; if not known, use n.d.). Title of specific document. Retrieved from URL of specific document
Examples
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Browning, 1993, para. 12)
References:
Browning, T. (1993). A brief historical survey of women writers of science fiction. Retrieved from http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~tonya/Tonya/sf/history.html
Tips: